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| Cisco (lake herring) |
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| Name and Code |
| Family |
| Salmonidae - trouts and salmons |
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| Taxonomic Authority |
| Lesueur 1818 |
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| Common Name(s) |
| Cisco (lake herring) |
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| Conservation Status |
| Global Rank (GRank) |
| G5 (2015-08-17) |
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| National Rank (NRank) |
| N5B, N5N, NUM (2017-12-28) |
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| Provincial Rank (SRank) |
| S5 (1988-11-22) |
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| Ecological Value |
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| Economic Importance |
| forage fish; bait fish; commercial fishery; sport fish |
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| Length-Weight Regression Coefficents |
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| Habitat and Feeding |
| General Habitat(s) |
| lacustrine |
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| Trophic Class |
| planktivore/invertivore |
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| Habitat Preference |
| open, mid-waters (13-53 m) of lakes and large rivers, below the thermocline; preferred water temperature range 7-10°C |
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| Reproduction |
| Reproductive Guild |
| Nonguarders: Open substratum spawners: Pelagophils |
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| Spawning Habitat(s) |
| lacustrine |
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| Spawning Month(s) |
| November-December |
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| Spawning Temperature (°C) |
| 1-5 |
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| Nursery Habitat(s) |
| lacustrine |
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| Size and Age |
| Adult Length (cm) |
| 22.1-37.6 TL |
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| Adult Weight (kg) |
| 0.08-0.44 |
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| Age at Maturity (yrs) |
| 2-4 |
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| Maximum Length (cm) |
| 59.7 TL |
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| Ontario Records |
| Record Length (cm) |
| 59.7 TL |
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| Ontario Range Map |
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Ontario Distribution |
| Great Lakes (extirpated from Lake Erie), central and northern Ontario |
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| Photographs |
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| Notes |
| amphidromous populations are known in large river systems flowing to Hudson Bay and James Bay; hybrids with Lake Whitefish called "mule whitefish"; dwarf form occurs in some inland lakes |
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| Information Sources |
| Carlander, K.D. 1969. Handbook of freshwater fishery biology. Volume one. Life history data on freshwater fishes of the United States and Canada, exclusive of the Perciformes. Iowa State University Press. Ames, IA. vi + 752 pp. |
| Cudmore-Vokey, B. and E.J. Crossman. 2000. Checklists of the fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes and their connecting channels. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2550: v + 39 p. |
| Ditz, K. and E. Holm. 2023. Ontario Fish Species Codes and Names. Ichthyology and Herpetology, Royal Ontario Museum. May 1994. Modified February 2023. |
| Hubbs, C.L. and K.F. Lagler. 1964. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, MI. xv + 213 pp. |
| Hubbs, C.L., K.F. Lagler, and G.R. Smith. 2004. Fishes of the Great Lakes region, revised edition. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, MI. xvii + 276 pp. |
| Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2023. On-line database. http://www.itis.gov, retrieved 02 May 2023. |
| Koelz, W. 1929. Coregonid fishes of the Great Lakes. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 43:297-643. |
| Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History Publication 1980-12. Raleigh, NC. x + 867 pp. |
| NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available https://explorer.natureserve.org/ (Accessed: February 2, 2023). |
| Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico, second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Boston, MA. xix + 663 pp. |
| Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden, and J.S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 7th Edition. American Fisheries Society, Spec. Publ. 34. Bethesda, MD. 243 pp. |
| Scott, W.B. 1967. Freshwater fishes of eastern Canada, second edition. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, ON. xii + 137 pp. |
| Scharpf, C. 2006. Annotated checklist of North American freshwater fishes, including subspecies and undescribed forms. Part II: Catostomidae through Mugilidae. American Currents 32(4):1-39. |
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