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| Chain Pickerel |
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| Name and Code |
| Family |
| Esocidae - pikes and mudminnows |
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| Taxonomic Authority |
| Lesueur 1818 |
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| Common Name(s) |
| Chain Pickerel |
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| French Name |
| brochet maillé |
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| Conservation Status |
| Global Rank (GRank) |
| G5 (2011-12-01) |
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| National Rank (NRank) |
| N3N4 (2017-12-21) |
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| Provincial Rank (SRank) |
| SNA (2009-10-22) |
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| COSEWIC Status |
| Not at Risk (Apr 1997) |
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| Ecological Value |
| Ontario Origin |
| natural dispersal |
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| Length-Weight Regression Coefficents |
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| Habitat and Feeding |
| General Habitat(s) |
| lacustrine; riverine |
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| Environment |
| benthopelagic |
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| Habitat Preference |
| clear backwaters and quiet pools of creeks and small to medium-sized rivers, ponds and shallow (<3 m) lakes with abundant aquatic vegetation; preferred water temperature range 21-30°C |
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| Reproduction |
| Reproductive Guild |
| Nonguarders: Open substratum spawners: Phytophils |
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| Spawning Habitat(s) |
| lacustrine; riverine |
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| Spawning Month(s) |
| April-May |
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| Spawning Temperature (°C) |
| 6-11 |
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| Nursery Habitat(s) |
| lacustrine; riverine |
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| Size and Age |
| Adult Length (cm) |
| 30.5-63.5 TL |
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| Adult Weight (kg) |
| 0.17-1.84 |
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| Age at Maturity (yrs) |
| 3-5 |
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| Maximum Length (cm) |
| 99.1 TL |
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| Ontario Records |
| Record Length (cm) |
| 64.7 TL |
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| Ontario Range Map |
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Ontario Distribution |
| St. Lawrence River, Lake Ontario (Bay of Quinte, Newcastle Harbour); first reported from Ontario waters of the upper St. Lawrence River in April 2008 |
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| Photographs |
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| Notes |
| hybrids with Northern Pike and Grass Pickerel are reported; tolerant of high water temperature (36.7°C) and low pH (3.8); sensitive to high pH |
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| Information Sources |
| Bailey, R.M., W.C. Latta, and G.R. Smith. 2004. An atlas of Michigan fishes with keys and illustrations for their identification. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications No. 192. iv + 215 pp. |
| Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Tolerance and trophic guilds of selected fish species. Appendix C in Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, second edition. EPA 841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Water. Washington, DC. |
| Becker, G.C. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press. Madison, WI. xii + 1052 pp. |
| Carlander, K.D. 1969. Handbook of freshwater fishery biology. Volume one. Life history data on freshwater fishes of the United States and Canada, exclusive of the Perciformes. Iowa State University Press. Ames, IA. vi + 752 pp. |
| Coad, B.W. with H. Waszczuk and I. Labignan. 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions. Ottawa and Waterdown, ON. viii + 928 pp. |
| COSEWIC. 2022. Canadian wildlife species at risk. October 2022. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Gatineau, QC. iv + 136 pp. |
| Cudmore-Vokey, B. and E.J. Crossman. 2000. Checklists of the fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes and their connecting channels. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2550: v + 39 p. |
| Ditz, K. and E. Holm. 2023. Ontario Fish Species Codes and Names. Ichthyology and Herpetology, Royal Ontario Museum. May 1994. Modified February 2023. |
| Eshenroder, R.L, Vecsei, P., Gorman, O.T., Yule, D.L., Pratt, T.C., Mandrak, N.E., Bunnell, D.B., and Muir, A.M. 2016. Ciscoes (Coregonus, subgenus Leucichthys) of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Misc Pub. 2016-01. v + 140 pp. |
| Goodyear, C.S., T.A. Edsall, D.M. Ormsby Dempsey, G.D. Moss, and P.E. Polanski. 1982. Atlas of the spawning and nursery areas of Great Lakes fishes. Volume thirteen: Reproductive characteristics of Great Lakes fishes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC. FWS/OBS-82/52. |
| Holm, E., N. Mandrak, and M. Burridge. 2021. A field guide to freshwater fishes of Ontario, second edition. Royal Ontario Museum Science Publication. Toronto, ON. 486 pp. |
| Hubbs, C.L. and K.F. Lagler. 1964. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, MI. xv + 213 pp. |
| Hubbs, C.L., K.F. Lagler, and G.R. Smith. 2004. Fishes of the Great Lakes region, revised edition. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, MI. xvii + 276 pp. |
| Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2023. On-line database. http://www.itis.gov, retrieved 02 May 2023. |
| Jelks, H.L., S.J. Walsh, N.M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. D?az-Pardo, D.A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N.E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J.S. Nelson, S.P. Platania, B.A. Porter, C.B. Renaud, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, E.B. Taylor, and M.L. Warren, Jr. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8):372-407. |
| Koelz, W. 1929. Coregonid fishes of the Great Lakes. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 43:297-643. |
| Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History Publication 1980-12. Raleigh, NC. x + 867 pp. |
| Mandrak, N.E. and E.J. Crossman. 1992. A checklist of Ontario freshwater fishes annotated with distribution maps. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publication. Toronto, ON. v + 176 pp. |
| McAllister, D.E., B.J. Parker, and P.M. McKee. 1985. Rare, endangered and extinct fishes in Canada. Syllogeus 54. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Ottawa, ON. 192 pp. |
| NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available https://explorer.natureserve.org/ (Accessed: February 2, 2023). |
| Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). 2013. Extinct, not at risk and data deficient species in Ontario list, 18 April 2013. |
| Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico, second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Boston, MA. xix + 663 pp. |
| Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden, and J.S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 7th Edition. American Fisheries Society, Spec. Publ. 34. Bethesda, MD. 243 pp. |
| Parker, B. 1989. Status of the Deepwater Cisco, Coregonus johannae, in Canada. Can. Field-Nat. 103(2):168-170. |
| Scott, W.B. 1967. Freshwater fishes of eastern Canada, second edition. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, ON. xii + 137 pp. |
| Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184. [1998 Reprint] Galt House Publications Ltd. Oakville, ON. xx + 966 pp. |
| Scharpf, C. 2006. Annotated checklist of North American freshwater fishes, including subspecies and undescribed forms. Part II: Catostomidae through Mugilidae. American Currents 32(4):1-39. |
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