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Rudd |
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Name and Code |
Family |
Leuciscidae - minnows
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Species |
Scardinius erythrophthalmus |
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Taxonomic Authority |
(Linnaeus 1758) |
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Conservation Status |
Global Rank (GRank) |
G5 (1996-09-17) |
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National Rank (NRank) |
NNA (2017-12-22) |
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Provincial Rank (SRank) |
SNA (1997-10-02) |
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Ecological Value |
Ontario Origin |
introduced |
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Economic Importance |
invasive species |
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Length-Weight Regression Coefficents |
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Habitat and Feeding |
General Habitat(s) |
lacustrine; riverine |
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Environment |
benthopelagic |
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Trophic Class |
invertivore/herbivore |
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Habitat Preference |
clear, weedy, quiet waters of streams, rivers and lakes |
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Reproduction |
Reproductive Guild |
Nonguarders: Open substratum spawners: Phyto-lithophils |
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Spawning Habitat(s) |
lacustrine; riverine |
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Spawning Month(s) |
May-June |
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Spawning Temperature (°C) |
14-20 |
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Nursery Habitat(s) |
lacustrine; riverine |
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Size and Age |
Adult Length (cm) |
20.7-35.6 TL |
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Adult Weight (kg) |
0.1-0.4 |
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Age at Maturity (yrs) |
3 (m); 4 (f) |
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Maximum Length (cm) |
61.7 TL |
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Ontario Records |
Record Length (cm) |
42.6 TL |
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Ontario Range Map |
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Ontario Distribution |
St. Lawrence River, western Lake Ontario, Niagara River, eastern Lake Erie, Wilcox Lake (Lake Ontario watershed); first reported from Ontario waters of St. Lawrence River in 1990 |
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Photographs |
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Notes |
indigenous to Europe; expanding its range from United States introductions; tolerant of low dissolved oxygen; hybrids with Golden Shiner reported; adults exhibit schooling behaviour; use as bait prohibited |
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Information Sources |
Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Tolerance and trophic guilds of selected fish species. Appendix C in Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, second edition. EPA 841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Water. Washington, DC. |
Bernatchez, L. and M. Giroux. 2000. Les poissons d'eau douce du Québec et leur répartition dans l'Est du Canada. Broquet Inc. Saint-Constant, QC. 350 pp. |
Coad, B.W. with H. Waszczuk and I. Labignan. 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions. Ottawa and Waterdown, ON. viii + 928 pp. |
Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt, and C.K. Minns. 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2554: iv + 89 p. |
Crossman, E.J., E. Holm, R. Cholmondeley, and K. Tuininga. 1992. First record for Canada of the Rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, and notes on the introduced Round Goby, Neogobius melanostomus. Can. Field-Nat. 106(2):206-209. |
Cudmore, B. and N.E. Mandrak. 2018. The baitfish primer: a guide to identifying and protecting Ontario's baitfishes. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bait Association of Ontario, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters. March 2018. 40 pp. |
Cudmore-Vokey, B. and E.J. Crossman. 2000. Checklists of the fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes and their connecting channels. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2550: v + 39 p. |
Desroches, J-F. and I. Picard. 2013. Poissons d'eau douce du Québec et des Maritimes. Éditions Michel Quintin. Waterloo, QC. 471 pp. |
Ditz, K. and E. Holm. 2023. Ontario Fish Species Codes and Names. Ichthyology and Herpetology, Royal Ontario Museum. May 1994. Modified February 2023. |
Halliwell, D.B., R.W. Langdon, R.A. Daniels, J.P. Kurtenbach, and R.A. Jacobson. 1999. Classification of freshwater fishes of the northeastern United States for use in the development of indices of biological integrity. Pages 301-337 in T.P. Simon [Ed]. Assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. xx + 671 pp. |
Holm, E., N. Mandrak, and M. Burridge. 2021. A field guide to freshwater fishes of Ontario, second edition. Royal Ontario Museum Science Publication. Toronto, ON. 486 pp. |
Hubbs, C.L., K.F. Lagler, and G.R. Smith. 2004. Fishes of the Great Lakes region, revised edition. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, MI. xvii + 276 pp. |
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2023. On-line database. http://www.itis.gov, retrieved 02 May 2023. |
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof. 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Cornol, Switzerland. xiii + 646 p. |
Lane, P.A., C.B. Portt, and C.K. Minns. 1996. Adult habitat characteristics of Great Lakes fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2358: v + 43 p. |
Lane, P.A., C.B. Portt, and C.K. Minns. 1996. Spawning habitat characteristics of Great Lakes fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2368: v + 48 p. |
Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History Publication 1980-12. Raleigh, NC. x + 867 pp. |
Lui, K., M. Butler, M. Allen, E. Snyder, J. da Silva, B. Brownson and A. Ecclestone. 2010. Field guide to aquatic invasive species (3rd Edition): identification, collection and reporting of aquatic invasive species in Ontario waters. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. |
Mandrak, N.E. and E.J. Crossman. 1992. A checklist of Ontario freshwater fishes annotated with distribution maps. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publication. Toronto, ON. v + 176 pp. |
NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available https://explorer.natureserve.org/ (Accessed: February 2, 2023). |
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico, second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Boston, MA. xix + 663 pp. |
Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden, and J.S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 7th Edition. American Fisheries Society, Spec. Publ. 34. Bethesda, MD. 243 pp. |
Portt, C.B., G. Coker, and C.K. Minns. 1999. Riverine Habitat Characteristics of Fishes of the Great Lakes Watershed. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2481: vi + 62 p. |
Schofield, P.J., J.D. Williams, L.G. Nico, P. Fuller, and M.R. Thomas. 2005. Foreign nonindigenous carps and minnows (Cyprinidae) in the United States - A guide to their identification, distribution, and biology: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5041. 103 p. |
Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184. [1998 Reprint] Galt House Publications Ltd. Oakville, ON. xx + 966 pp. |
Scharpf, C. 2005. Annotated checklist of North American freshwater fishes, including subspecies and undescribed forms. Part I: Petromyzontidae through Cyprinidae. American Currents 31(4):1-44. |
Simon, T.P. 1999. Assessment of Balon?s reproductive guilds with application to midwestern North American freshwater fishes. Pages 97-122 in T.P. Simon [Ed]. Assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. xx + 671 pp. |
Smith, C.L. 1985. The inland fishes of New York State. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Albany, NY. xi + 522 pp. |
Stauffer, Jr., J.R., J.M. Boltz and L.R. White. 1995. The fishes of West Virginia. Reprinted from The Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 146:1-389. Pennsylvania State University. 389 pp. |
Stauffer, Jr., J.R., R.W. Criswell and D.P. Fischer. 2016. The fishes of Pennsylvania. Cichlid Press. El Paso, TX. 556 pp. |
Warren, M.L., Jr., and B.M. Burr [Eds]. 2014. Freshwater Fishes of North America, Volume 1: Petromyzontidae to Catostomidae. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. xv + 644 pp. |
Werner, R.G. 2004. Freshwater fishes of the northeastern United States: a field guide. Syracuse University Press. Syracuse, NY. xiv + 335 pp. |
Winterton, G. [Ed]. 2005. The comprehensive bait guide for eastern Canada, the Great Lakes region and northeastern United States: identifying, harvesting and culture of baitfishes, crayfishes, frogs and leeches. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, ON. iv + 437 pp. |
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