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| Fourhorn Sculpin |
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| Name and Code |
| Family |
| Psychrolutidae - fathead sculpins |
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| Species |
| Myoxocephalus quadricornis |
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| Taxonomic Authority |
| (Linnaeus 1758) |
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| Common Name(s) |
| Fourhorn Sculpin |
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| French Name |
| chaboisseau à quatre cornes |
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| Conservation Status |
| Global Rank (GRank) |
| G5 (2015-08-18) |
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| National Rank (NRank) |
| N5B, NNRN, NNRM (2017-12-28) |
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| Provincial Rank (SRank) |
| S2? (2003-06-26) |
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| COSEWIC Status |
| Not at Risk (Apr 1989) |
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| Ecological Value |
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| General Abundance |
| limited distribution |
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| Length-Weight Regression Coefficents |
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| Habitat and Feeding |
| General Habitat(s) |
| riverine; estuarine; marine |
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| Trophic Class |
| invertivore |
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| Habitat Preference |
| nearshore in shallow (<20 m), brackish waters and coastal rivers; preferred water temperature range 1-9°C |
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| Reproduction |
| Reproductive Guild |
| Guarders: Nest spawners: Lithophils |
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| Spawning Habitat(s) |
| estuarine; marine |
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| Spawning Month(s) |
| December-January |
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| Spawning Temperature (°C) |
| 0-2 |
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| Nursery Habitat(s) |
| estuarine; marine |
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| Size and Age |
| Adult Length (cm) |
| 15.6-25.4 TL |
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| Adult Weight (kg) |
| 0.025-0.13 |
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| Age at Maturity (yrs) |
| 3-5 |
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| Maximum Length (cm) |
| 36.5 TL |
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| Lifespan (yrs) |
| 11 (m); 14 (f) |
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| Ontario Records |
| Record Length (cm) |
| 25.5 TL |
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| Ontario Range Map |
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Ontario Distribution |
| Hudson Bay and tributaries, James Bay and tributaries |
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| Photographs |
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| Notes |
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| Information Sources |
| Bernatchez, L. and M. Giroux. 2000. Les poissons d’eau douce du Québec et leur répartition dans l’Est du Canada. Broquet Inc. Saint-Constant, QC. 350 pp.
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| Coad, B.W. with H. Waszczuk and I. Labignan. 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions. Ottawa and Waterdown, ON. viii + 928 pp. |
| Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt, and C.K. Minns. 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2554: iv + 89 p. |
| COSEWIC. 2003. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Fourhorn Sculpin Myoxocephalus quadricornis (freshwater form) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 24 pp. |
| COSEWIC. 2023. Canadian wildlife species at risk. October 2023. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Gatineau, QC. iv + 130 pp. |
| Desroches, J-F. and I. Picard. 2013. Poissons d’eau douce du Québec et des Maritimes. Éditions Michel Quintin. Waterloo, QC. 471 pp. |
| Ditz, K. and E. Holm. 2023. Ontario Fish Species Codes and Names. Ichthyology and Herpetology, Royal Ontario Museum. May 1994. Modified February 2023. |
| Goldstein, R.M. and T.P. Simon. 1999. Toward a united definition of guild structure for feeding ecology of North American freshwater fishes. Pages 123-202 in T.P. Simon [Ed]. Assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. xx + 671 pp. |
| Goodyear, C.S., T.A. Edsall, D.M. Ormsby Dempsey, G.D. Moss, and P.E. Polanski. 1982. Atlas of the spawning and nursery areas of Great Lakes fishes. Volume thirteen: Reproductive characteristics of Great Lakes fishes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC. FWS/OBS-82/52. |
| Hasnain, S.S, C.K. Minns, and B.J. Shuter. 2010. Key ecological temperature metrics for Canadian freshwater fishes. Climate change research report: CCRR-17. Applied Research and Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 54 pp. |
| Houston, J. 1990. Status of the Fourhorn Sculpin, Myoxocephalus quadricornis, in Canada. Can. Field-Nat. 104(1):7-13. |
| Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2023. On-line database. http://www.itis.gov, retrieved 02 May 2023. |
| Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof. 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Cornol, Switzerland. xiii + 646 p. |
| Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History Publication 1980-12. Raleigh, NC. x + 867 pp. |
| Mandrak, N.E. and E.J. Crossman. 1992. A checklist of Ontario freshwater fishes annotated with distribution maps. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publication. Toronto, ON. v + 176 pp. |
| McPhail, J.D. and C.C. Lindsey. 1970. Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 173. Ottawa, ON. 381 pp. |
| Mecklenburg, C.W., T.A. Mecklenburg, and L.K. Thorsteinson. 2002. Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxxvii + 1037 pp. |
| NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available https://explorer.natureserve.org/ (Accessed: February 2, 2023). |
| Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico, second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Boston, MA. xix + 663 pp. |
| Page, L.M., K.E. Bemis, T.E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, K.E. Hartel, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, M.A. Neighbors, J.J. Schmitter-Soto, and H.J. Walker Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 8th Edition. American Fisheries Society, Spec. Publ. 37. Bethesda, MD. 439 pp. |
| Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184. [1998 Reprint] Galt House Publications Ltd. Oakville, ON. xx + 966 pp. |
| Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott. 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, ON. xxx + 731 pp. |
| Scharpf, C. 2008. Annotated checklist of North American freshwater fishes, including subspecies and undescribed forms. Part IV: Cottidae through Percidae. American Currents 34(4):1-43. |
| Stewart, K.W. and D.A. Watkinson. 2004. The freshwater fishes of Manitoba. University of Manitoba Press. Winnipeg, MB. xvii + 276 pp. |
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